Mengapa Moderasi Beragama? (Repost – Kolom Pilihan) – Prof. Dr. Phil Kamaruddin Amin, MA
Moderasi beragama adalah cara pandang, sikap dan prilaku beragama yang dianut dan dipraktikkan oleh sebagian besar penduduk negeri ini, dari dulu hingga sekarang.Pemerintah pun menjadikan moderasi beragama sebagai salah satu program nasional dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN). Dalam konteks aqidah dan hubungan antar umat beragama, moderasi beragama (MB) adalah meyakini kebenaran agama sendiri “secara radikal” dan menghargai, menghormati penganut agama lain yang meyakini agama mereka, tanpa harus membenarkannya.
MB sama sekali bukan pendangkalan akidah, sebagaimana dimispersepsi oleh sebagian orang. Dalam konteks sosiol budaya (MB), berbuat baik dan adil kepada yang berbeda agama adalah bagian dari ajaran agama (al Mumtahanah ayat 8). Dalam konteks berbangsa dan bernegara atau sebagai warga negara, tidak ada perbedaan hak dan kewajiban berdasar agama. Semua sama di mata negara. Dalam konteks politik, bermitra dengan yang berbeda agama tidak mengapa. Bahkan ada keharusan untuk committed terhadap kesepakatan-kesepakan politik yang sudah dibangun walau dengan yang berbeda agama, sebagaimana dicontohkan dalam pengalaman empiris nabi di Madina dan sejumlah narasi verbal dari nabi. MB bertentangan dengan politik identitas dan populisme. Sebab, di samping bertentangan dengan ajaran dasar dan ide moral atau the ultimate goal beragama, yakni mewujudkan kemaslahatan, juga sangat berbahaya untuk konteks Indonesia yang majemuk. Dalam konteks intra umat beragama, MB tidak menambah dan mengurangi ajaran agama, saling menghormati dan menghargai jika terjadi perbedaan (apalagi di ruang publik) dengan tetap mengacu pada kaedah-kaedah ilmiah. Tidak boleh atas nama moderasi beragama, semua boleh berpendapat dan berbicara sebebasnya, tanpa menjaga kaedah-kaedah ilmiah dan tanpa memiliki latar belakang dan pengetahuan yang memadai.
Cara beragama moderat seperti inilah yang selama ini menjaga kebhinekaan dan keindonesiaan kita. Lalu mengapa pemerintah dalam hal ini Kementerian Agama menjadikannya sebagai program prioritas, jika dari dalu hingga sekarang sebagian besar penduduk negri ini sudah moderat? Ada beberapa dinamika dan fakta sosiologis yang mendasarinya.
Kemajuan tehnologi informasi dan globalisasi telah menciptakan realitas baru, baik positif maupun negatif, dan mendisrupsi berbagai aspek kehidupan kita, termasuk kehidupan beragama. Dunia digital telah menembus ruang-ruang privasi umat beragama. Berbagai faham agama mulai dari yang paling kanan (ultra konservatif) sampai yang paling kiri (liberal), bahkan sampai yang ekstrem radikal dapat diakses secara borderless oleh siapapun. Hal ini memungkinkan terjadinya proses transmisi paham keagamaan dari berbagai penjuru dengan bebas, tanpa filter yang di samping membawa manfaat, juga berpotensi merusak paham keagamaan moderat yang selama ini menjadi perekat sosial dalam kehidupan kita berbangsa dan bernegara.
Sejumlah praktik intoleran dapat ditemui dalam kehidupan beragama di Indonesia. Misalnya, penolakan kehadiran umat beragama lain di daerah tertentu karena merasa mayoritas, penolakan pendirian rumah ibadah, penolakan tradisi adat oleh kelompok kelompok umat. Contoh yang lain adalah munculnya politik identitas setiap menjelang pesta demokrasi sampai munculnya kelompok berideologi transnasionalisme.
Selanjutnya, dalam dunia digital dan media sosial, muncul sejumlah aktor keagamaan baru yang tidak berbasis massa ormas keagamaan dan tidak mengakar yang berpotensi mengabaikan tradisi yang selama ini berkontribusi penting dalam meningkatkan literasi keagamaan dan juga merekatkan kehidupan keagamaan. Disamping itu, dominasi narasi konservatisme agama di media sosial akan mentransmisi paham keagamaan konservatif kepada generasi milenial dan gen Z yang identik dengan dunia digital. Bahkan, tidak jarang penyelenggara negara secara tidak sadar atau kurang pengetahuan melakukan praktik-praktik intoleransi dengan membuat kebijakan perspektif mayoritarianisme dan melupakan perlindungan hak konstitusi warga dengan tidak menfasilitasi umat beragama untuk menjalankan agamanya.
Berbagai fakta di atas mengharuskan kita untuk mengambil langkah untuk menjaga dan merawat paham keagamaan dan keindonesiaan kita. Moderasi beragama yang berorientasi pada kemaslahatan, kemuliaan manusia dan sangat tepat untuk Indonesia yang sangat beragam, harus terus didakwahkan. Kaum moderat harus lebih aktif mengisi ruang-ruang spiritualitas umat. Sebab, dalam dunia digital dan media sosial, sedang berlangsung kontestasi perebutan otoritas keagamaan dan kontestasi memenangkan hati umat. Yang akan keluar sebagai pemenang tidak mesti mereka yang paling benar atau yang paling alim, tapi mereka yang lebih intensif hadir mengisi ruang-ruang spiritualitas umat, walaupun ilmunya belum tentu luas, dalam, atau bahkan belum tentu benar. Jika ingin memenangkan hati umat, rajinlah berkdakwah, gunakanlah cara yang bijak, bil-hikmah (an-Nahl 125), instrument yang powerful (digital) dan materi yang benar (moderat). Semoga Allah selalu Bersama kita. Wallahu alam (Repost 2023. Source : Kolom Kementerian Agama RI – Prof. Dr. Phil Kamaruddin Amin, MA).


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